Saturday, July 28, 2012

STPM Biology - chapter 2: Revision essay question 5


b) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe the structure and functions of Golgi apparatus.



Answer: 

All eukaryotic cells can find the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus located near the nucleus and consists of a stack of flattened, membranous bound sacs called cisternae. In a mammalian cell can consist of 5 to 6 cisternae while in plant cell can consists about 20 or more cisternae. From the above diagram (three dimension view) their outer convex surface called trans face while inner concave surface is called cis face. The cisternae at the cis face are differing from cisternae at the trans surface in terms of thickness. The cis face located near the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. The transport vesicles are bud off from the endoplasmic reticulum will fuse at the cis face of the golgi body. The trans face located far away from the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. It is sort the certain substances after modified such as lipids and proteins and then direct them to their destinations.
Function: Golgi apparatus receives, modified, processing and sorts secretory proteins arriving from cis face near the endoplasmic reticulum to other destinations. For example, the proteins synthesized by ribosome attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum pass into cisternal space and then transfer to the Golgi body as a transport vesicle. They are modified and processing to become a specific enzyme in order carry out certain reactions. After then, this specific enzyme is packing in secretory enzymes fused into trans face and bud off to different destinations. This secretory vesicle will be delivered to other organelles such as plasma membrane, where the content of vesicle is released to the outside of the cell by exocytosis.

Assignment submitted by S.M., Kang, E.S., Ong, T.W., Tan, K.Y., Ho. X.H., Wong 2011/2012 (IBM)



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