3. Name six
different types of vitamins. State their source, functions and diseases caused
by vitamin deficiency.
Answer:
|
Vitamin
|
Source
|
Function
|
Deficiency Disease
|
|
A
(Retinol)
|
Fish liver oils,
liver, milk, carrots. Some orange or dark green vegetables provide
beta-carotene which the liver can convert into vitamin A.
|
Controls normal
production of epithelia. Used to make retinal, needed for formation of eye
pigments.
|
Skin becomes dry.
Xerophthalmia, dying and ulceration of the cornea. Night blindness, the
ability to see in dim light is diminished.
|
|
D (Calciferol)
|
Fish liver oils, milk,
egg yolk. (A lipid compound in the skin is converted to vitamin D in the
presence of sunlight)
|
Aids absorption and
use of calcium and phosphorus.
|
Rickets in children,
bone deformities. Osteomalacia in adults, bone softening.
|
|
E
(Tocopherol)
|
Vegetable oils,
wholegrain cereals, nuts
|
Antioxidant, prevents
oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes
|
Anaemia. Not well
documented in humans. Can cause sterility in rats.
|
|
K
(Phylloquinone)
|
Leafy, green
vegetables (Also made by colon bacteria)
|
Needed for synthesis
of blood clotting factors (e.g prothrombin)
|
Mild deficiency:
Slow clotting of blood.
Severe deficiency:
blood fails to clot.
|
|
H
(Biotin)
|
Yeast, liver, egg
white.
|
Coenzyme in synthesis
of fats and animo acid metabolisms.
|
Dermatitis, muscle
pains
|
|
C
(Ascorbic acid)
|
Fruits and green
vegetables.
|
Coenzyme essential for
synthesis of collagen. Needed to form strong gum, connective tissue of blood
vessels and bone.
Antioxidant.
|
Scurvy, weak gums,
rupture of blood capillaries. Delayed wound healing. Anaemia. Impaired
immunity.
|
Assignment submitted by Miller Ng, 2011/2012(IBM)
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