Answer:
The molecules must be orientated so
that the carboxylic acid group of one can react with the amine group of the
other. For example, two amino acids (glycine) combining through the formation
of a peptide bond to form a dipeptide.
Any number of amino acids can be
joined together in chains of 50 amino acids called peptides, 50-100 amino acids
called polypeptides, and over 100 amino acids called proteins. A number of
hormones, antibiotics, antitumor agents and neurotransmitters are peptides
(proteins).
A peptide bond can be broken down
by hydrolysis (the adding of water). The peptide bonds that are formed within
proteins have a tendency to break spontaneously when subjected to the presence
of water (meta-stable bonds) releasing about 10 kJ/mol of free energy. This
process, however, is very slow. Living organisms use enzymes to broken down or
to form peptide bonds. The wavelength of absorbance for a peptide bond is
190-230 nm.
Assignment submitted by L.Y., Kong, S. H., Lim, S. C., Soo, C. W. Tan and C.C.,Teh 2011/2012 (IBM)
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