Monday, August 20, 2012

STPM Biology - chapter 8: Revision essay question 3

3. Write down the structure of the mammalian heart      

Answer


The heart of mammal has 4 chambers:left atrium,right atrium,left ventricle and right ventricle.Both atria walls are thin,but the left and right ventricles have thick muscular wall that can contract strongly to pump blood out of the heart.Walls of the left ventricle are 3-4 times thicker than the left ventricle has to pump blood through the whole body,while the right ventricle pumps blood into the lungs only.The left side of the heart is completely separated from the right side by the intraventricular septum.Atrium receives and collects blood from the body and lungs,which is then channeled into the ventricle.The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior vena cava.The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vena.From the right atrium,blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs,the left pulmonary artery transport blood to the left lung and right pulmonary artery transport blood to the right lung.Pulmonary artery is the only artery carrying deoxygenatedblood.All the other arteries transport blood rich in oxygen.When the right ventricle contracts,blood is prevented from re-entering the right atrium by the tricuspid valve.Blood enriched with oxygen in the lungs is channeled by left and right pulmonary veins into the left atrium.Pulmonary veins are the only veins in the body transporting oxygenated blood.Blood is pumped from the left atrium into the left ventricle.Contraction of the left ventricle wall forces the blood out to every part of our body via the aorta.Blood is prevented from flowing back into the left atrium by the bicuspid valve.Semi-lunar valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles from the pulmonary artery or aorta.

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