Monday, August 20, 2012

STPM Biology - chapter 4(old syllabus) chapter 6 (new syllabus): Revision essay question 7

7. Explain the processes involved to produce food source in photosynthesis.

Answer:

-Photosynthesis can be divided into light reaction and dark reaction.
Light reaction occurs in the grana of chloroplast.Light reaction begins with the trapping light energy by chlorophyll molecules of the photosystems.The energy absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in PS 2 is channeled to P680,reaction center for PS 2.This causes P680 to be photoactivated,thus PS 2 is photoactivated.The electrons in P680 become excited and escape from P680.These electrons are accepted by the electron acceptor situated next to P680.The electron acceptor for PS 2 is phaeophytin.
From this electron acceptor,the electrons of PS 2 are then transferred          down energy levels through a series of electron carriers.Among the electron carriers are plastoquinone,cythochrome-f and plastocyanin.
When electron carriers transport electron down the energy levels,energy is released.This energy is used for photphosphorylation of ADP to ATP.Electrons from P680 are finally transferred by these electron carriers to P700,the reaction center of PS 1.
As chlorophyll molecules in PS 2 absorbs light energy,molecules in PS 1 also absorbs light energy.The energy absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in PS 1 is channeled to P700,reaction center for PS 1.Photoactivation of P700 occurs,photoactivation of PS 1 occurs.Electrons in P700 become excited and escape from P700.This loss of electrons from P700 is replaced by electrons transferred from PS 2.
Electron acceptor located next to PS 1 accepts electrons escaping from P700.This acceptor is protein Fe-S.From here,these electrons are then transferred through a series of electron carriers and ultimately to final electron carrier,NADP+.Each NADP+ accepts two electrons and combine with an hydrogen ion(from water)to form NADPH.
                  

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