Wednesday, August 1, 2012

STPM Biology - chapter 3: Revision essay question 11


Describe the structure of DNA .

Answer

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides arranged in a double helix of two strands of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a pentose sugar, deoxyribose ,a phosphate group and one of the four organic bases (adenine ,guanine ,cytosine or thymine ).The two strands are linked to each other by hydrogen bonding between the complementary organic bases of each strand,forming “rungs” similar to those a ladder. The alternating molecules of deoxyribose and phosphate form the “uprights”. The two polynucleotide strands also run antiparallel to each other,i.e. the 3’ end of one strand is paired to its complementary base by the following arrangement :
        Adenine-Thymine ,  Guanine –Cytosine
The DNA double helix structure comprises many millions of nucleotides and is many thousands of kilobases long. The distance between the two strands of polynucleotides is approximately 2.0nm and every  10 base pairs that constitute one turn of the double helix are approximately 3.5nm long.

Assignment submitted by C.,L.,Ooi, W.Y.,Ng, K.Q., Beh, Y.H.,Beh, Dhevan 
 2011/2012 (IBM)

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