Answer:
Lipid can be synthesis in the Calvin cycle (dark reaction). Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma. Light is not required for the stage to proceed. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere diffuses through the stomata into the intercellular spaces of the leaf. The carbon dioxide molecule combines with a five-carbon acceptor, ribulose bisphousphate (RuBP) to form an unstable six-carbon sugar. The process required enzyme RuBP carboxylase (Rubisco) to catalysed. The six-carbon compound splits into two molecules of glycerate 3-phosphete (GP) (3-carbon compound). The glycerate 3- phosphate combine with a phosphate group from ATP to become glycerate 1, 3-diphosphate. Glycerate 1, 3-diphosphate is converted into glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate by combines with hydrogen atoms from reduced dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH+H+). Some glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate enters glycolysis pathway to convert into
pyruvate. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl group and combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl co-A. These in turn can be used to form variety of fatty acids in the cytoplasm and chloroplast. Glycerate 3-phosphate can also be converted to glycerol. However, when fatty acids combines with glycerol will form lipids. Lipids are important components of cell membranes, act as storage and other metallic reactions.
Assignment submitted by S.M., Kang, E.S., Ong, T.W., Tan, K.Y., Ho. X.H., Wong 2011/2012 (IBM)
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