1. Describe the parturition process in humans. [9]
Answer:
- High level of oestrogen produced by the placenta initiates parturition
- triggers the release of prostaglandin from the uterine wall
- This enable the uterine muscle to contract
- The strong myometrium! uterine contraction sends positive feedback to mother's pituitary gland and
the foetus to release oxytoxin
- Both prostaglandin and oxytoxin stimulate powerful uterine contraction
- This increase in frequency as the labour progresses
- The contraction stimulates stretch receptors in the uterine wall and the cervix
- stimulate more oxytoxin to be released
- cervix dilates and soften its tissues and becoming more flexible
- The first stage of labour ends with the cervix dilating/opening to about 10 cm
- In the second stage of labour, strong contractions, aided by the mother's pushing, expel the foetus
through the vagina.
- The uterus contracts again and separate the placenta from the uterine wall
- The placenta is passed out and the umbilical cord is tied and cut This is the final/third stage of labour
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